PDF- This study on “The Enabling Environment for Social Accountability in Mongolia” is part of a continuing effort by the Social Development Department to promote governance and effectiveness of development programs in the Bank’s partner countries through civic engagement and social accountability. It builds on important research by the World Bank, other foreign donors, and civil society organizations (CSOs) on the activities of CSOs in Mongolia, recognizing their important role in the country’s transition from a centrally governed socialist state to a modern democracy with a free market economy. The unique feature of this study is its focus on social accountability and the conditions influencing its success and failure. It presents a number of important findings and offers recommendations for policy, institutional, legal, and regulatory reforms; and for capacity enhancement.